Food security is essential to the success of all backpack trips. Center for Wilderness Studies has it covered in training on a trek and in classroom instruction. In the 1980's there were few choices. In the 90's durable canisters with complex lids, to counter bear manipulation, became available. Here are a few of the skills used to protect food: Tree to tree, top left, rocks to rocks top rt, and rock face for rodent protection, far left. Lee Bergthold sets a single tree branch hang, left; the most used type of hang. The "rules" don't always match the tree forms in the Sierra: 12' high, 10' out from the trunk, and 1"-2" from branch end.
High Sierra
Alpine Bivouacs